Instead, different governments cause the differences in development. The differences in Nogales can’t be explained by geography or culture. Those on the Mexican side are poor, poorly educated, and have shorter life expectancies. People in Nogales on the US side of the border are well-educated, prosperous, and have long life expectancies. The city of Nogales is half in Mexico and half in the United States. Elites in underdeveloped countries deliberately plunder their people and keep them impoverished. Robinson conclude that underdevelopment is caused by political institutions and not by geography, climate, or other cultural factors. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty is an examination of the causes of economic inequality. Summary of Why Nations Fail by Daron Acemoglu and James A.
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